Variáveis Fisiológicas Identificadas em Teste Progressivo Específico para Taekwondo

The physiological assessment from specific tests, is essential to predicting the performance, the prescription of training intensity and volume, and, especially to verify the effect of them. The aim of this study was to verify the possibility to predict the anaerobic threshold (AT) from Heart Rate Deflection of Point (HRDP) from specific test. Twelve male athletes (age 25.2 ± 2.7; weight 71.3 ± 9.5 kg; height 176 ± 7 cm, percent body fat 11.7 ± 2.1%; 9.8 ± 2.9 years of training) performed Specific Test for Progressive Taekwondo (STT) and Test of Constant Loads (TCL). It was obtained the measures of lactate (La) and recorded heart rate (HR) using a Polar ® S610. To compare kick frequency (KF) and heart rate (HR) of HRDP with the TAn. It was adopted the p< 0.05. The kick frequency of the aerobic threshold (KFTAn), (19 ± 4) showed no significant difference in the kick frequency of the Heart Rate Deflection of Point (KFhrdp), (18 ± 3) highly correlated (r = 0.845). The STT proved itself as an alternative methodology for assessing the (TAn) in the Taekwondo athletes from the HRDP.A avaliação fisiológica, a partir de testes específicos, é fundamental para predição do desempenho, prescrição da intensidade e volume de treinamento e, principalmente, verificar os efeitos destes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a possibilidade de predizer o Limiar Anaeróbio (LAn) a partir do Ponto de Deflexão da Frequência Cardíaca (PDFC) a partir de teste específico. Doze atletas masculinos (25,2 ± 2,7 anos; 71,3 ± 9,5 kg; 176 ± 7 cm; 11,7 ± 2,1 %G; 9,8 ± 2,9 anos de treinamento) realizaram Teste Progressivo Específico para Taekwondo (TET) e Teste de Carga Constante (TCC). Foram obtidas medidas de lactato (La) e registrado a Frequência Cardíaca (FC) por meio de um POLAR® S610. O teste "t de Student" foi utilizado para comparar as Frequências de Chute (FCH) e FC do PDFC, com as do LAn. Adotou-se p< 0,05. A Frequência de Chutes de Limiar Anaeróbio (FCHLAn), (19 ± 4) não apresentou diferença significativa da Frequência de Chutes de Ponto de Deflexão da Frequência Cardíaca (FCHpdfc), (18 ± 3) altamente correlacionadas (r = 0,845). O TET demonstrou-se como uma metodologia alternativa para avaliar o LAn em atletas de taekwondo, a partir do PDFC

Validade do teste de Wingate para a avaliação da performance em corridas de 50 e 200 metros.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o teste de Wingate (TW) apresenta validade para avaliar a performance de corrida anaeróbia (aláctica e láctica) de uma equipe de basquetebol. Doze jogadores de basquetebol (X= 16 anos) realizaram o TW e testes de campo (corrida máxima de 50m e 200m). Após 3, 5, 7, 9 e 11 min. da realização do TW e dos 200m, procedeu-se a coleta de 25 m l de sangue do lóbulo da orelha, sem hiperemia, para a determinação do lactato sanguíneo (YSL 2300 STAT). A Potência de pico (PP) no TW foi significantemente correlacionada com o tempo de 50 m (r = -0,83) e com o pico de lactato sanguíneo após o TW (r = 0,61). A Potência média (PM) no TW também foi significantemente correlacionada com o tempo de 200 m (r = -0,83) e com o pico de lactato sanguíneo após o TW (r = 0,59). Houve correlação significante entre o tempo de 200 m e o pico de lactato sanguíneo após este teste (r = -0,61). As concentrações de lactato sanguíneo, foram significantemente maiores, em todos os minutos de recuperação, após o teste de corrida de 200 m, do que após o TW. Baseado nestes resultados, podemos concluir que embora o TW não utilize o gesto motor específico dos membros inferiores, presentes em muitos esportes (basquetebol, voleibol, futebol), o mesmo pode ser utilizado para a avaliação da performance anaeróbia (aláctica e láctica) obtida durante a corrida por um equipe de jogadores de basquetebol

ALTERAÇÕES MORFOFUNCIONAIS DETERMINADAS PELO TREINAMENTO DE BODY PUMP EM MULHERES JOVENS

Este estudo investigou os efeitos de 10 semanas de treinamento de Body Pump na composição corporal, na flexibilidade, na resistência muscular localizada (RML) e no limiar anaeróbio (LAn) de sete mulheres jovens (19,14 À 0,37 anos), que realizaram os seguintes protocolos: 1) teste de RML: maior número de repetições até a exaustão voluntária no supino reto, leg-press e abdominal; 2) protocolo de avaliação antropométrica; 3) teste de flexibilidade e 4) teste incremental na bicicleta ergométrica para determinação do LAn. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de Wilcoxon, com

Thigh Ischemia-Reperfusion Model Does Not Accelerate Pulmonary VO2 Kinetics at High Intensity Cycling Exercise

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of a priming ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model on the kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiopulmonary parameters after high-intensity exercise. Our primary outcome was the overall VO2 kinetics and secondary outcomes were heart rate (HR) and O2 pulse kinetics. We hypothesized that the IR model would accelerate VO2 and cardiopulmonary kinetics during the exercise.Methods: 10 recreationally active men (25.7 ± 4.7 years; 79.3 ± 10.8 kg; 177 ± 5 cm; 44.5 ± 6.2 mL kg−1 min−1) performed a maximal incremental ramp test and four constant load sessions at the midpoint between ventilatory threshold and VO2 max on separate days: two without IR (CON) and two with IR (IR). The IR model consisted of a thigh bi-lateral occlusion for 15 min at a pressure of 250 mmHg, followed by 3 min off, before high-intensity exercise bouts.Results: There were no significant differences for any VO2 kinetics parameters (VO2 base 1.08 ± 0.08 vs. 1.12 ± 0.06 L min−1; P = 0.30; τ = 50.1 ± 7.0 vs. 47.9 ± 6.4 s; P = 0.47), as well as for HR (MRT180s 67.3 ± 6.0 vs. 71.3 ± 6.1 s; P = 0.54) and O2 pulse kinetics (MRT180s 40.9 ± 3.9 vs. 48.2 ± 5.6 s; P = 0.31) between IR and CON conditions, respectively.Conclusion: We concluded that the priming IR model used in this study had no influence on VO2, HR, and O2 pulse kinetics during high-intensity cycling exercise

Training loads and RSA and aerobic performance changes during the preseason in youth soccer squads

The aims of this study were to compare the internal training load (ITL) in soccer players of two competitive age groups (under-15 [U-15] and under-19 [U-19]) during an 8-week preseason training period and compare the associated changes in physical performance measures. Eighteen U-15 and twelve U-19 players were monitored over an 8-week period during the preseason phase. The ITL was monitored using the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. Before and after the preseason period, physical performance was assessed by best (RSA(best)) and mean (RSA(mean)) times in a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and peak velocity derived from the Carminatti test (PVT-CAR). Total weekly ITL increased with age (U-15: 13770 +/- 874 AU vs. U-19: 33584 +/- 2506 AU; p < 0.001). In addition, U-19 players perceived training sessions as heavier than U-15 players (6.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.3 AU, respectively; p < 0.001). After the preseason period, very likely to almost certainly positive changes were observed for all performance measures in both age groups. However, the U-15 group had possibly superior gains in RSA(best) (+ 1.40%, 90% CL - 0.29 to 3.05, with ES = 0.35) and likely higher effects in RSA(mean) (+ 1.89%, 90% CL 0.04 to 3.70, with ES = 0.53) and PVT-CAR (+ 2.71%, 90% CL 0.35 to 5.01, with ES = 0.37) compared to the U-19 group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the U-19 group accumulate higher total weekly ITLs than the U-15 group during the preseason phase due to longer and heavier training sessions. However, the U-15 group obtained superior gains in soccer-specific physical abilities while accumulating half the total ITLs during lighter training sessions

Different Pathways Leading up to the Same Futsal Competition: Individual and Inter-Team Variability in Loading Patterns and Preseason Training Adaptations

During the preseason, futsal players deal with large internal load, which may result in a reduction in physical performance. The aims of this study were to compare the session rating of perceived exertion training load (s-RPE TL) during the preseason between two teams; and to analyze the changes on the delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), aerobic- and speed-power characteristics in players accumulating different s-RPE TL (Low (LTL) vs. High (HTL)). Twenty-eight players (Team A, n = 15; Team B, n = 13) were recruited. The s-RPE TL was monitored throughout the preseason phase (five weeks) in both teams. The coaches of each team planned the activities that comprised their training programs, without any interference from the researchers. Team A evaluated countermovement jumps (CMJ) and DOMS weekly. Team B performed squat jumps (SJ), CMJ, 5 m and 15 m sprints, and a futsal intermittent endurance test (PVFIET) before and after the preseason. Team B accumulated an almost-certainly greater s-RPE TL than Team A. In Team A, the CMJ height was likely to almost certainly improved for the HTL group from week 3. In Team B, the 5 m and 15 m sprint likely decreased after the preseason. Changes in 5 m (r = -0.61) and 15 m (r = -0.56) were correlated with total s-RPE TL. Changes in PVFIET were positively associated with changes in sprint, but inversely related to the baseline. s-RPE TL differed between both teams, and substantial gains in neuromuscular performance were observed for the HTL group in Team A. Slower and faster players in Team B showed distinct intermittent-endurance and speed adaptive responses during the high-volume preseason

Exercise tolerance can be enhanced through a change in work rate within the severe intensity domain: work above Critical Power is not constant

The characterization of the hyperbolic power-time (P-tlim) relationship using a two-parameter model implies that exercise tolerance above the asymptote (Critical Power; CP), i.e. within the severe intensity domain, is determined by the curvature (W') of the relationship.The purposes of this study were (1) to test whether the amount of work above CP (W>CP) remains constant for varied work rate experiments of high volatility change and (2) to ascertain whether W' determines exercise tolerance within the severe intensity domain.Following estimation of CP (208 ± 19 W) and W' (21.4 ± 4.2 kJ), 14 male participants (age: 26 ± 3; peak VO2: 3708 ± 389 ml.min(-1)) performed two experimental trials where the work rate was initially set to exhaust 70% of W' in 3 ('THREE') or 10 minutes ('TEN') before being subsequently dropped to CP plus 10 W.W>CP for TEN (104 ± 22% W') and W' were not significantly different (P>0.05) but lower than W>CP for THREE (119 ± 17% W', PCP and tlim can be greater than predicted by the P-tlim relationship when a decrement in the work rate of high-volatility is applied. Exercise tolerance can be enhanced through a change in work rate within the severe intensity domain. W>CP is not constant

Changes in VO2 Kinetics After Elevated Baseline Do Not Necessarily Reflect Alterations in Muscle Force Production in Both Sexes

A link between muscle fatigue, decreased efficiency and the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO2sc) has been suggested. However, a cause-effect relationship remains to be elucidated. Although alterations in VO2 kinetics after elevated baseline work rate have previously been reported, to date no study has observed the effect on muscle force production (MFP) behavior considering physiological differences between male and female subjects. This study investigated the effect of elevated baseline work rate on the VO2 kinetics and MFP in 10 male and 10 female healthy subjects. Subjects performed 4 transitions of very-heavy (VH) intensity cycling in a randomized order after unloaded (U-VH) or moderate (M-VH) exercise. Maximal isokinetic efforts (MIE) were performed before and after each condition at two different cadences (60 or 120 rpm). Whereas baseline VO2 and time constant (τ) were significantly higher in M-VH compared to U-VH, the fundamental amplitude and the VO2 slow component (VO2sc) were significantly lower in M-VH (p &lt; 0.05) in both sexes. Blood lactate concentration ([La]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were not influenced by condition or sex (p &gt; 0.05). The MFP post-exercise was not significantly influenced by condition in both sexes and cadences (Δtorque for males: at 60 rpm in U-VH = 13 ± 10 Nm, in M-VH = 13 ± 9 Nm; at 120 rpm in U-VH = 22 ± 14 Nm, in M-VH = 21 ± 12 Nm; for females: at 120 rpm in U-VH = 10 ± 9 Nm, in M-VH = 12 ± 8 Nm; p &gt; 0.05), with the exception that female subjects presented smaller decreases in M-UH at 60 rpm compared to U-VH (11 ± 13 vs. 18 ± 14 Nm, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). There was no correlation between the decrease in torque production and VO2 kinetics parameters (p &gt; 0.05). The alterations in VO2 kinetics which have been suggested to be linked to changes in motor unit recruitment after elevated baseline work rate did not reflect alterations in MFP and fatigue in both sexes

Níveis de potência muscular em atletas de futebol e futsal em diferentes categorias e posições

Este estudo objetivou identificar a potência de membros inferiores em jogadores de futebol e futsal, comparando o counter movement jump (CMJ) entre modalidades, posições adotadas e categorias. Participaram 61 atletas de futebol das categorias Sub17, Sub20 e profissional e 28 de futsal das categorias Sub20 e profissional. Utilizou-se uma plataforma de força Quattro Jump do tipo piezoelétrica. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva, teste t de Student e análise de variância a p &lt; .05. Não foi reportada diferença significativa no CMJ entre os atletas de futebol e futsal (p = .85). Entre as posições adotadas pelos jogadores de futebol encontrou-se diferença significativa (p = .02) apenas entre os centrais e os médios. Nos atletas de futsal não foi verificada diferença significativa entre as posições (p = .69). Quando comparadas as categorias também não foram constatadas diferenças significativas, tanto no futebol (p = .12), quanto no futsal (p = .47). Pode-se concluir que os atletas de futebol e futsal parecem apresentar níveis semelhantes de potência muscular. Os centrais apresentaram maiores níveis de potência quando comparados aos médios, porém no futsal os atletas apresentaram níveis similares de potência. Independente da categoria, tanto os atletas de futebol quanto de futsal, apresentaram níveis semelhantes de potência muscular

Intensidade de esforço realizado durante partidas amistosas de Futebol 7

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a intensidade de esforço requerida durante 4 partidas amistosas e a distância percorrida em cada um dos domínios fisiológicos (moderado, pesado e severo). Dez jogadores adultos (25,2±3,7 anos; 72,0±8,9 kg; 175,3±6,9 cm; 12,4%±3,1 gordura) de uma equipe amadora de Futebol 7 participaram do estudo. Os participantes foram submetidos a cinco sessões experimentais com um intervalo de 48 horas para cada sessão. Na primeira sessão experimental foram realizadas medidas antropométricas seguidas de um teste incremental intermitente de campo (T-CAR) para a avaliação da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCMáx), pico de velocidade (PV) e identificação dos domínios fisiológicos a partir do ponto de deflexão da frequência cardíaca. Nas sessões seguintes, a frequência cardíaca (FC) e o perfil das atividades realizadas pelos jogadores (Sistema Global de Posicionamento - GPS) ou (global positioning system - GPS) foram mensurados durante quatro partidas amistosas. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se a ANOVA two way para medidas repetidas combinado com o teste de Bonferroni. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos valores médios da FC entre os jogos e entre o 1° tempo e 2° tempo. Em relação à distância percorrida, os resultados encontrados mostraram que os atletas permaneceram maior parte do tempo se exercitando no domínio moderado (664,2±62 m; 45,5%) quando comparado com o domínio pesado (437±45m m; 31,5%) e severo (284,3±66 m; 23,5%) (p&lt;0,05). Entretanto, quando somados os valores de permanência nos domínios pesado e severo, podemos observar que mais de 50% do tempo total de jogo foram realizados em altas intensidades. Assim, pode-se concluir que o Futebol 7 é um esporte de alta demanda fisiológica